Source code for langchain.retrievers.ensemble

"""
Ensemble retriever that ensemble the results of 
multiple retrievers by using weighted  Reciprocal Rank Fusion
"""
from typing import Any, Dict, List

from pydantic import root_validator

from langchain.callbacks.manager import (
    AsyncCallbackManagerForRetrieverRun,
    CallbackManagerForRetrieverRun,
)
from langchain.schema import BaseRetriever, Document


class EnsembleRetriever(BaseRetriever):
    """
    This class ensemble the results of multiple retrievers by using rank fusion.

    Args:
        retrievers: A list of retrievers to ensemble.
        weights: A list of weights corresponding to the retrievers. Defaults to equal
            weighting for all retrievers.
        c: A constant added to the rank, controlling the balance between the importance
            of high-ranked items and the consideration given to lower-ranked items.
            Default is 60.
    """

    retrievers: List[BaseRetriever]
    weights: List[float]
    c: int = 60

    @root_validator(pre=True)
    def set_weights(cls, values: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        if not values.get("weights"):
            n_retrievers = len(values["retrievers"])
            values["weights"] = [1 / n_retrievers] * n_retrievers
        return values

    def _get_relevant_documents(
        self,
        query: str,
        *,
        run_manager: CallbackManagerForRetrieverRun,
    ) -> List[Document]:
        """
        Get the relevant documents for a given query.

        Args:
            query: The query to search for.

        Returns:
            A list of reranked documents.
        """

        # Get fused result of the retrievers.
        fused_documents = self.rank_fusion(query, run_manager)

        return fused_documents

    async def _aget_relevant_documents(
        self,
        query: str,
        *,
        run_manager: AsyncCallbackManagerForRetrieverRun,
    ) -> List[Document]:
        """
        Asynchronously get the relevant documents for a given query.

        Args:
            query: The query to search for.

        Returns:
            A list of reranked documents.
        """

        # Get fused result of the retrievers.
        fused_documents = await self.arank_fusion(query, run_manager)

        return fused_documents

    def rank_fusion(
        self, query: str, run_manager: CallbackManagerForRetrieverRun
    ) -> List[Document]:
        """
        Retrieve the results of the retrievers and use rank_fusion_func to get
        the final result.

        Args:
            query: The query to search for.

        Returns:
            A list of reranked documents.
        """

        # Get the results of all retrievers.
        retriever_docs = [
            retriever.get_relevant_documents(
                query, callbacks=run_manager.get_child(tag=f"retriever_{i+1}")
            )
            for i, retriever in enumerate(self.retrievers)
        ]

        # apply rank fusion
        fused_documents = self.weighted_reciprocal_rank(retriever_docs)

        return fused_documents

    async def arank_fusion(
        self, query: str, run_manager: AsyncCallbackManagerForRetrieverRun
    ) -> List[Document]:
        """
        Asynchronously retrieve the results of the retrievers
        and use rank_fusion_func to get the final result.

        Args:
            query: The query to search for.

        Returns:
            A list of reranked documents.
        """

        # Get the results of all retrievers.
        retriever_docs = [
            await retriever.aget_relevant_documents(
                query, callbacks=run_manager.get_child(tag=f"retriever_{i+1}")
            )
            for i, retriever in enumerate(self.retrievers)
        ]

        # apply rank fusion
        fused_documents = self.weighted_reciprocal_rank(retriever_docs)

        return fused_documents

    def weighted_reciprocal_rank(
        self, doc_lists: List[List[Document]]
    ) -> List[Document]:
        """
        Perform weighted Reciprocal Rank Fusion on multiple rank lists.
        You can find more details about RRF here:
        https://plg.uwaterloo.ca/~gvcormac/cormacksigir09-rrf.pdf

        Args:
            doc_lists: A list of rank lists, where each rank list contains unique items.

        Returns:
            list: The final aggregated list of items sorted by their weighted RRF
                    scores in descending order.
        """
        if len(doc_lists) != len(self.weights):
            raise ValueError(
                "Number of rank lists must be equal to the number of weights."
            )

        # Create a union of all unique documents in the input doc_lists
        all_documents = set()
        for doc_list in doc_lists:
            for doc in doc_list:
                all_documents.add(doc.page_content)

        # Initialize the RRF score dictionary for each document
        rrf_score_dic = {doc: 0.0 for doc in all_documents}

        # Calculate RRF scores for each document
        for doc_list, weight in zip(doc_lists, self.weights):
            for rank, doc in enumerate(doc_list, start=1):
                rrf_score = weight * (1 / (rank + self.c))
                rrf_score_dic[doc.page_content] += rrf_score

        # Sort documents by their RRF scores in descending order
        sorted_documents = sorted(
            rrf_score_dic.keys(), key=lambda x: rrf_score_dic[x], reverse=True
        )

        # Map the sorted page_content back to the original document objects
        page_content_to_doc_map = {
            doc.page_content: doc for doc_list in doc_lists for doc in doc_list
        }
        sorted_docs = [
            page_content_to_doc_map[page_content] for page_content in sorted_documents
        ]

        return sorted_docs